"Full-contact" sparring or fighting is often pursued by
martial art practitioners who are interested in realistic unarmed
combat. The phrase may refer to several aspects which differentiate
it from light and medium-contact sessions. It may simply be a general
lack of protective gear. For example, Kyokushin is a variant of
karate that requires advanced practitioners to engage in sparring
while wearing no more than a groin guard for protection. It may
refer to a full variety of permitted attacks and contact zones on
the body, excluding a small and limited number of forbidden techniques
such as biting, groin striking or attacking the eyes, bestowing
significant fighting freedom upon the competitors.
The phrase could also refer to the use of full force in order
to disable the opponent, either by knock out or direct submission
of defeat. There is often a lower emphasis on scoring points, assuming
a point system exists; points, judges and time limits were not used
in the early UFC events, whose outcomes were determined only by
the inability to continue. Due to these factors, full-contact matches
tend to be more aggressive in character. Vale tudo, meaning anything
goes in Portuguese, is a definite form of full-contact fighting.
Nearly all MMA events, including UFC, PRIDE, Pancrase and Shooto,
use full-contact rules, although recently the use of small protective
gloves and other safety rules have been added. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
and Judo do not allow striking but are full-contact in the sense
that full force is applied during grappling and submissions. Some
versions of Sambo are full-contact.
Some practitioners believe that physically defeating the enemy,
as opposed to winning a sport match by rules, is the only important
matter in hand-to-hand combat. Some of them treat martial arts only
as matters of self-defense or life-and-death situations. As such,
these people may prefer not to participate in most types of rule-based
martial art competition (even one such as vale tudo), electing instead
to study fighting techniques with little or no regard to competitive
rules or, perhaps, ethical concerns and the law (the techniques
practiced may include attacking vulnerable spots such as the groin
or the eyes). Nonetheless, others maintain that, given proper precautions
such as a referee and a ring doctor, full-contact matches with basic
rules could serve as a useful gauge of one's overall fighting ability,
encompassing broad categories including striking, grappling and
finishing holds
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